{"id":17676,"date":"2024-08-14T12:28:37","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T16:28:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ncge.org\/staging\/?p=17676"},"modified":"2025-06-01T01:29:42","modified_gmt":"2025-06-01T05:29:42","slug":"geography-standard-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ncge.org\/staging\/teacher-resources\/national-geography-standards\/geography-standard-7\/","title":{"rendered":"GEOGRAPHY STANDARD 7"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"17676\" class=\"elementor elementor-17676\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9891475 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9891475\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbf0684 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bbf0684\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Essential Element: Physical Systems<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cc3c48 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3cc3c48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df357af elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"df357af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Theme\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c30df52 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c30df52\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cce779f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cce779f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5810b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a5810b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb5e87a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bb5e87a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5634d91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"5634d91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9031\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9031\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Components of Earth\u2019s Physical Systems<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9031\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9031\"><p><strong>1. There are four components of Earth\u2019s physical systems (the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere)<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Therefore, the student is able to:<\/em><\/p><p>A. Identify attributes of Earth\u2019s different physical systems, as exemplified by being able to<\/p><ul><li>Identify different attributes of physical systems in photographs (e.g., sky, clouds, plants, soil, oceans, lakes, mountains).<\/li><li>Identify examples of water features on Earth\u2019s surface that comprise the hydrosphere (e.g., oceans, rivers, lakes, water vapor, ground water, different types of precipitation).<\/li><li>Identify examples of landforms on Earth\u2019s surface (e.g., mountains, volcanoes, valleys, plains).<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9032\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9032\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Earth-Sun Relationships<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9032\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9032\"><p><strong>2. Earth-Sun relationships affect conditions on Earth<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Therefore, the student is able to:<\/em><\/p><p>A. Describe how Earth\u2019s position relative to the Sun affects conditions on Earth, as exemplified by being able to<\/p><ul><li>Describe the relationship between the cycle of seasons and months in the Northern and Southern hemispheres.<\/li><li>Describe the differences in seasons based on latitude (e.g., first and last frost in different locations, length of growing season, bird migra\u00adtions).<\/li><li>Describe the changes in daily sunrise and sunset and length of day\u00adlight hours by recording the change in times over the span of the school year.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9033\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9033\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Physical Processes<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9033\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9033\"><p><strong>3. Physical processes shape features on Earth\u2019s surface<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Therefore, the student is able to:<\/em><\/p><p>A. Identify examples of physical processes, as exemplified by being able to<\/p><ul><li>Identify different cycles in Earth\u2019s systems (e.g., water cycle, carbon cycle, wind or water erosion, weathering, deposition, mass wasting).<\/li><li>Identify the components and relationships in the water cycle.<\/li><li>Identify the components and relationships in the erosion cycle (e.g., water carving canyons, wind sculpting mesas, landslides, avalanches).<\/li><\/ul><p>B. Describe how physical processes shape features on Earth\u2019s surface, as exemplified by being able to<\/p><ul><li>Describe landforms by constructing 3-D physical models and orga\u00adnize the models into groups formed by similar processes.<\/li><li>Describe the physical processes that shaped particular landform fea\u00adtures using pictures of landforms such as canyons, mesas, and deltas.<\/li><li>Describe how freeze\u2013thaw processes erode rock (e.g., potholes on local streets, rock slides in mountain regions).<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e550bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9e550bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac52268 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ac52268\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9be0455 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9be0455\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83fcd3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"83fcd3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1381\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1381\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Components of Earth\u2019s Physical Systems<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1381\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1381\"><p><strong>1. The four components of Earth\u2019s physical systems (the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere) are interdependent<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Therefore, the student is able to:<\/em><\/p><p>A. Identify and describe patterns in the environment that result from the interaction of Earth\u2019s physical processes, as exemplified by being able to<\/p><ul><li>Identify and describe the connections between ocean circulation system and climate (e.g., North Atlantic Drift and the mild climate of Western Europe, the climatic effects of El Ni\u00f1o or La Ni\u00f1a).<\/li><li>Identify and describe the patterns that result from the connections between climate and vegetation (e.g., examples of patterns of ecosys\u00adtems and biomes).<\/li><li>Identify and describe the patterns of physical features that result from erosion and deposition (e.g., estuaries and deltas, canyons, al\u00adluvial plains, sand dunes).<\/li><\/ul><p>B. Analyze and explain patterns of physical features resulting from the interactions of Earth\u2019s physical processes, as exemplified by being able to<\/p><ul><li>Analyze maps of tectonic plates to predict the location of physical features (e.g., mountain ranges, volcanoes, rift valleys).<\/li><li>Analyze the pattern of glacial features as a result of glacial retreat (e.g., moraines, kettle lakes, cirques).<\/li><li>Analyze and explain factors influencing precipitation patterns and predict where the patterns will occur (e.g., convectional, orographic, frontal).<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1382\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1382\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Earth-Sun Relationships<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1382\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1382\"><p><strong>2. Earth-Sun relationships drives physical processes that follow an annual cycle and create patterns on Earth<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Therefore, the student is able to:<\/em><\/p><p>A. Explain how Earth-Sun relationships drive Earth\u2019s physical processes and create annual patterns, as exemplified by being able to<\/p><ul><li>Explain the occurrences of weather phenomena in different loca\u00adtions due to annual changes in the Earth-Sun relationship (e.g., hur\u00adricanes in the fall in subtropical areas, monsoon rainfall, tornadoes in the mid-latitudes during the spring and summer).<\/li><li>Explain why the hours of visible sunlight changes with seasons (e.g., the equatorial region experiences approximately 12 hours of sunlight year round while places in the Arctic and Antarctic circles vary from 0 to 24 hours of visible sunlight).<\/li><li>Describe how the angle of the Sun\u2019s rays changes at different lati\u00adtudes by shining a light directly on the equator of a globe and noting the change in the location (on the tropic lines) and angle of the direct rays as the tilted globe is moved to represent the different seasons.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1383\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1383\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Physical Processes<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1383\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1383\"><p><strong>3. Physical processes generate patterns of features across Earth\u2019s surface<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Therefore, the student is able to:<\/em><\/p><p>A. Analyze and explain the patterns that occur on Earth\u2019s surface as a result of physical processes, as exemplified by being able to<\/p><ul><li>Explain the effects of variations in seasonal precipitation on rivers or vegetation (e.g., amount of snowfall, flash floods, 100-year rain event on rivers, lakes, shorelines, forests).<\/li><li>Explain how physical processes related to plate tectonics form is\u00adlands (e.g., Hawaiian Islands) or increase the elevation of mountains (e.g., Himalayan Mountains).<\/li><li>Explain the effects of erosion processes on landscape features over time (e.g., Chimney Rock, Devil\u2019s Tower, Grand Canyon, Arches National Park).<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97df3f9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"97df3f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d332f66 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d332f66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7c32b4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e7c32b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df5c9ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"df5c9ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2341\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2341\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Components of Earth\u2019s Physical Systems<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2341\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2341\"><p><strong>1. The interactions of Earth\u2019s physical systems (the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere) vary across space and time<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Therefore, the student is able to:<\/em><\/p><p>A. Explain how the effects of physical processes vary across regions of the world and over time, as exemplified by being able to<\/p><ul><li>Explain the changing relationships among climate, vegetation, and landforms (e.g., desertification and soil degradation, glacial advances and retreats).<\/li><li>Analyze and explain the differential effects on climate of the rela\u00adtionship between water and wind at different latitudes (e.g., cold cur\u00adrents influence the creation of deserts at 20 and 30 degrees north and south latitudes, the formation of hurricanes and tropical storms).<\/li><li>Analyze and explain the relationships between physical processes and the location of land features (e.g., river valleys, canyons, deltas, glaciated lakes and moraines, limestone deposits, caves, alluvial fans, canyons).<\/li><\/ul><p>B. Explain the ways in which Earth\u2019s physical processes are dynamic and interactive, as exemplified by being able to<\/p><ul><li>Explain how volcanic eruptions and forest fires change atmospheric conditions and disrupt the nitrogen and carbon cycles.<\/li><li>Explain how increasing surface temperatures result in melting ice sheets and rising sea levels.<\/li><li>Construct a diagram illustrating how El Ni\u00f1o and La Ni\u00f1a form and how these influence weather in different locations on Earth.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2342\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2342\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Earth-Sun Relationships<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2342\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2342\"><p><strong>2. Earth-Sun relationships are variable over long periods of time resulting in changes in physical processes and patterns on Earth<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Therefore, the student is able to:<\/em><\/p><p>A. Explain how variability in Earth-Sun relationships affect Earth\u2019s physical processes over time, as exemplified by being able to<\/p><ul><li>Explain how cyclic changes (e.g., precession or Milankovich cycle) in Earth\u2019s orbit are responsible for changes in heating that result in climatic changes such as an ice age and glaciation of Earth\u2019s surface.<\/li><li>Describe the variability in climate over historic periods of time (e.g., over the last 1,500 years or during epochs such as the Pleistocene).<\/li><li>Explain how changes in sea coral (including current observations and fossil records) are due to sea level rise or fall as a result of climate variability.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2343\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2343\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Physical Processes<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2343\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2343\"><p><strong>3. Physical processes interact over time to shape particular places on Earth\u2019s surface<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Therefore, the student is able to:<\/em><\/p><p>A. Analyze and explain the results of interactions of physical processes over time, as exemplified by being able to<\/p><ul><li>Identify the landforms that comprise much of Bangladesh and ex\u00adplain the physical processes that make the country susceptible to river flooding, monsoon flooding, and cyclonic storms.<\/li><li>Analyze and explain the landscape of Iceland in terms of physical processes (e.g., volcanism, glaciation, plate tectonics of the mid-At\u00adlantic ridge).<\/li><li>Compare and contrast the Great Lakes of East Africa and the Great Lakes of North America and describe physical processes that created each of these lake systems.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Essential Element: Physical Systems The physical processes that shape the patterns of Earth\u2019s surface. The geographically informed person must understand that physical systems create, maintain, and modify the features that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[120],"class_list":["post-17676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-national-geography-standards","tag-national-geography-standards"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ncge.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ncge.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ncge.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ncge.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ncge.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17676"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/ncge.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20655,"href":"https:\/\/ncge.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17676\/revisions\/20655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ncge.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ncge.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ncge.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}